Metasploit Tips and Tricks for HaXmas 2020

Last updated at Fri, 19 Jan 2024 15:34:14 GMT

For this year's HaXmas, we're giving the gift of Metasploit knowledge! We'll cover a mix of old, new, or recently improved features that you can incorporate into your workflows. Some of our readers may already know these tips and tricks for using Metasploit, but for the others who aren't aware of them, it's your lucky day!

Debugging failed HTTP Modules

There's nothing more upsetting than not getting a Meterpreter session due to the misconfiguration of module options. I have found that the quickest way to sanity-check failed HTTP Modules is to set the HTTPTrace option to true before running your module:

This will enable the logging of raw HTTP requests and responses:

This is a great way to quickly see why your modules have failed. In some scenarios, you may find that you've simply forgotten to specify the TARGETURI or VHOST options correctly, and after rerunning the module, you might even have a session.

Inline run options

Did you know that you can inline Metasploit's options when running a module? When paired with your terminal's reverse-i-search ctrl+r capabilities, it can be a real time-saver when wanting to rerun Metasploit modules again with the same options:

Providing inlined options can also be useful for quickly enabling the HttpTrace functionality or verbose mode of a module:

This year, we improved on these capabilities even further, thanks to this pull request. Metasploit now supports tab completion for both option names and values, too! Just use the tab key on your keyboard and you'll be good to go:

Note that this is a lesser-used piece of Metasploit's functionality, so if you run into any issues, be sure to create an issue and send the details our way.

Quickly interacting with new sessions

Metasploit provides support for quickling interacting with the most recently created session by using a session ID of -1, for instance:

Note that this trick also works when running post modules:

But wait, there's more! Thanks to this pull request a few years ago, you can save additional characters by omitting the -i flag when you want to interact with a session:

Skipping msfvenom's boot time

Name a more iconic duo than msfvenom and exploit/multi/handler. I'll wait.

In the meantime, though, did you know that you can generate payloads and create handlers without even leaving the Metasploit console? Just open up Metasploit and run through the payload generation and handler creation steps directly from the payload module:

We've found that this workflow can be faster in comparison to using msfvenom directly, which can be slow in comparison to a warmed-up Metasploit console.

Resource scripts

Resource scripts are great for streamlining your repetitive workflows. For instance, if we wanted to turn the above workflow of "using a module, generating a particular payload, and creating a handler" into a reusable resource script, simply create a file my_workflow.rc with the commands that you'd like to run:

Running a resource file from the command line is simple—just use the resource command. Metasploit will load this file, then execute each line one at time:

By default Metasploit will run any resource scripts found within its config directory at ~/.msf4/msfconsole.rc, or you can even specify resource scripts to be run when msfconsole starts up. This can be useful for setting options such as global logging, or default LHOST values:

Writing resource scripts can sometimes be a chore, which is why Metasploit also provides the ability to save recently executed commands directly to a specified resource script location:

For the power users of Metasploit, resource scripts also support the ability to run arbitrary Ruby code. This functionality makes it possible to interact directly with Metasploit's Framework object programmatically:

If you didn't know, there's also a treasure trove of hidden resource scripts buried deep within Metasploit Framework repository that you may not be aware of: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/tree/master/scripts/resource.

Refining search results

This year, we made improvements to the search functionality of Metasploit. Specifying additional search terms will now continue to refine your search results.

Previously, when using the command search postgresql login, all modules matching either postgresql or login would be returned:

Now with the newly updated search command running search postgresql login - Metasploit will only return modules matching both postgresql and login:

This functionality works well with the search keywords, too:

Developing modules?

There are lots of great workflow capabilities built into Metasploit for our users, but there's also a few useful tricks for developers!

Let's start our journey with file reloading. It turns out that the best improvement to a developer's productivity is the ability to reload files in Metasploit without having to close and reopen it. As a result, these commands will save you a lot of time:

• reload: Reload the latest version of the active module from the file system.
• reload_lib -a: Reload any changed files that are in your current Git working tree, other than modules. This is perfect for changing core library files.
• reload_all: Reload all modules from all configured module paths.

There are also a few extra commands that you might find useful when modifying a developing a new Metasploit module:

• rerun: After reloading the module the currently active module, run the run command.
• recheck: After reloading the currently active module, run the check command.
• edit: Edit the currently open module within your local editor. This can also edit arbitrary files edit <file_path>.

Finally, placing a breakpoint in your code can be a great way to immediately get to the root cause of issues. Just place the following snippet wherever you wish to enter into an interactive debugging environment:

This will pause the execution of the currently running code code when the breakpoint is hit:

There are a lot of useful commands to help explore the issue from here, for instance:

• backtrace: Show the current call stack
• up / down: Navigate the call stack
• step: Move forward by a single execution step
• next: Move forward by a single line
• whereami: Show the current breakpoint location again
• help: View all of the available commands and options

Ruby's runtime introspection can also be great to help with debugging. This will help you explore the available methods, classes, and variables within the current Ruby environment:

• self: To find out what the current object is
• self.methods: Find all available methods
• self.methods.grep /send/: Searching for a particular method that you're interested in. This can be great to explore unknown APIs.
• self.method(:connect).source_location: Find out which file, and which line, defined a particular method
• self.class.ancestors: For complex modules, this can be useful to see what mixins a Metasploit module is currently using

Even more tips!

Did you know that the Metasploit console has an inbuilt tips command? It will show you even more useful workflow tips to check out! See any tips that we're missing? Simply create a pull request to help us improve the list:

More HaXmas blogs

• Help Others Be "Cyber Aware" This Festive Season—And All Year Round!
• UPnP With a Holiday Cheer
• Top Security Recommendations for 2021
• Rapid7 Labs’ 2020 Naughty List Summary Report to Santa
• Taking Inspiration from Our Security Nation in an Otherwise Uninspiring Year
• Metasploit 2020 Wrap-Up
• Predicting the Unpredictable: What Will the Cybersecurity Space Look Like in 2021?
• HaXmas Hardware Hacking