Last updated at Mon, 27 Mar 2023 17:59:41 GMT

The Center for Internet Security (CIS) recently unveiled the latest version of their Azure Foundations Benchmark—Version 2.0.0. This is the first major release since the benchmark was originally released more than 4 years ago, which could lead you to believe that this update would come with a bunch of significant changes. However, this release actually brings fewer impactful changes than the minor releases that preceded it.

Instead of sweeping changes, the update includes a number of reconciled and renumbered sections along with some refreshed language and branding.

Rapid7 is actively reviewing the new recommendations and evaluating the need and potential of them being made into insights within InsightCloudSec.

So the changes were minor, but what were they?

Of the 10 sections that make up the benchmark, four sections were expanded with new recommendations:

  • Section 1 (Identity and Access Management)
  • This was also the only section that had a recommendation removed.
  • Section 4 (Database Services)
  • Section 5 (Logging and Monitoring)
  • Section 7 (Virtual Machines)

Five sections had no changes:

  • Section 3 (Storage Accounts)
  • Section 6 (Networking)
  • Section 8 (Key Vault)
  • Section 9 (AppService)
  • Section 10 (Miscellaneous)

Section 2 (Microsoft Defender) did not have any additions or subtractions, but did have some alterations related to numbering and categorization.

Section 1 (Identity and Access Management)

This section covers a wide range of recommendations centered around identity and access policies. For 2.0.0, there was one addition:

Recommendation: 1.3 - Ensure that 'Users can create Azure AD Tenants' is set to 'No'

Why it Matters: It is best practice to only allow an administrator to create new tenants. This prevents users from creating new Azure AD or Azure AD B2C tenants and ensures that only authorized users are able to do so.

As noted above, this was also the only section from which a recommendation was removed entirely:

Removed Recommendation: 1.5 - Ensure that 'Restore multi-factor authentication on all remembered devices' is enabled (this recommendation has been replaced in v2.0.0)

Why it Was Removed: This recommendation was likely removed, as it is somewhat redundant to what is now recommendation 1.1.4 (Ensure that ‘Allow users to remember multi-factor authentication on devices they trust’ is enabled). Essentially, the updated recommendation asserts you should not allow users to bypass MFA for any device.

Section 4 (Database Services)

This section focuses on securing database services within Azure environments—such as Azure SQL or Cosmos DB. CIS added a recommendation to this section, specifically for Cosmos DB, that guides users to leverage Active Directory and Azure RBAC whenever possible.

Recommendation: 4.5.3 - Use Azure Active Directory (AAD) Client Authentication and Azure RBAC where possible.

Why it Matters: Cosmos DB, Azure’s native NoSQL database service, can use tokens or AAD for client authentication which in turn will use Azure RBAC for authorization. Using AAD is significantly more secure because AAD handles the credentials and allows for MFA and centralized management, and Azure RBAC is better integrated with the rest of Azure.

Section 5 (Logging and Monitoring)

The two new recommendations within this section are targeted toward ensuring you’ve properly configured your environment for log management, including collecting the necessary logs (flow logs, audit logs, activity logs, etc.) and also ensuring that the storage location for those logs is secure.

Recommendation: 5.3.1 - Ensure Application Insights are Configured

Why it Matters: Application Insights within Azure act as an application performance monitoring solution providing valuable data into how well an application performs and additional information when performing incident response. The types of log data collected include application metrics, telemetry data, and application trace logging data, which provide organizations with detailed information about application activity and application transactions. Both data sets help organizations adopt a proactive and retroactive means to handle security and performance related metrics within their modern applications.

Recommendation: 5.5 - Ensure that SKU Basic/Consumption is not used on artifacts that need to be monitored

Why it Matters: Basic or Free SKUs in Azure, while cost effective, have significant limitations in terms of what can be monitored and what support can be realized from the team at Microsoft. Typically, these SKU’s do not have service SLAs, and Microsoft generally refuses to provide support for them. Because of this, Basic/Free SKUs are not recommended for production workloads. While upgrading to the Standard tier may be a bit more expensive, you’ll receive more support from Microsoft, as well as the ability to generate and consume more detailed information via native monitoring services such as Azure Monitor.

Section 7 (Virtual Machines)

Section 7 is focused on securing virtual machines within your Azure environment. Recommendations in this section include ensuring that your VMs are utilizing managed disks and that OS and Data disks are encrypted with Customer Managed Keys (CMK), just to name a few. There was one new recommendation in this section.

Recommendation: 7.1 - Ensure an Azure Bastion Host Exists

Why it Matters: The Azure Bastion service allows organizations a more secure means of accessing Azure Virtual Machines over the Internet without assigning public IP addresses to them. The Azure Bastion service provides Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) and Secure Shell (SSH) access to Virtual Machines using TLS within a web browser. This is aimed at preventing organizations from opening up 3389/TCP and 22/TCP to the Internet on Azure Virtual Machines.

Using InsightCloudSec to Implement and Enforce CIS Azure Foundations Benchmark 2.0.0

InsightCloudSec continuously assesses your entire cloud environment—whether single cloud or hosted across multiple platforms—for compliance with organizational standards. It detects noncompliant resources and unapproved changes within minutes. The platform continuously monitors your environment to ensure you’ve properly implemented the necessary controls as recommended by CIS for securing your cloud workloads running in Azure environments.

InsightCloudSec can instantly detect whenever an account or resource drifts from compliance. The platform comes out of the box with 30+ compliance packs, including a dedicated pack for the CIS Azure Foundations Benchmark 2.0.0. A compliance pack within InsightCloudSec is a set of checks that can be used to continuously assess your cloud environments for compliance with a given regulatory framework, or industry or provider best practices.

As you can see in the screenshot below, InsightCloudSec has a host of checks and insights that directly align to recommendations within the CIS Azure Foundations Benchmark 2.0.0.


When you dive deeper into a given insight, you’re provided with detail into how many resources are in violation with a given check and a relative risk score to outline just how risky a given violation is.

Below is an example from CIS Azure Foundations Benchmark 2.0.0, specifically a set of resources that are in violation of the check ‘Storage Account Older than 90 Days Without Access Keys Rotated’. You’re provided with an overview of the insight, including why it’s important to implement and the risks associated with not doing so.


That platform doesn’t just stop there, however. You’re also provided with the necessary remediation steps as advised by CIS themselves, and if you so choose, the recommended automations that can be created using native bots within InsightCloudSec for folks that would prefer to completely remove the human effort involved in enforcing compliance with this policy.

If you’re interested in learning more about how InsightCloudSec helps continuously and automatically enforce cloud security standards, be sure to check out the demo!